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"""
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R code printer
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The RCodePrinter converts single SymPy expressions into single R expressions,
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using the functions defined in math.h where possible.
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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from typing import Any
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from sympy.core.numbers import equal_valued
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from sympy.printing.codeprinter import CodePrinter
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from sympy.printing.precedence import precedence, PRECEDENCE
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from sympy.sets.fancysets import Range
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# dictionary mapping SymPy function to (argument_conditions, C_function).
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# Used in RCodePrinter._print_Function(self)
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known_functions = {
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#"Abs": [(lambda x: not x.is_integer, "fabs")],
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"Abs": "abs",
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"sin": "sin",
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"cos": "cos",
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"tan": "tan",
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"asin": "asin",
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"acos": "acos",
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"atan": "atan",
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"atan2": "atan2",
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"exp": "exp",
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"log": "log",
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"erf": "erf",
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"sinh": "sinh",
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"cosh": "cosh",
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"tanh": "tanh",
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"asinh": "asinh",
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"acosh": "acosh",
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"atanh": "atanh",
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"floor": "floor",
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"ceiling": "ceiling",
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"sign": "sign",
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"Max": "max",
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"Min": "min",
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"factorial": "factorial",
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"gamma": "gamma",
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"digamma": "digamma",
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"trigamma": "trigamma",
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"beta": "beta",
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"sqrt": "sqrt", # To enable automatic rewrite
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}
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# These are the core reserved words in the R language. Taken from:
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# https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-lang.html#Reserved-words
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reserved_words = ['if',
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'else',
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'repeat',
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'while',
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'function',
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'for',
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'in',
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'next',
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'break',
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'TRUE',
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'FALSE',
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'NULL',
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'Inf',
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'NaN',
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'NA',
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'NA_integer_',
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'NA_real_',
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'NA_complex_',
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'NA_character_',
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'volatile']
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class RCodePrinter(CodePrinter):
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"""A printer to convert SymPy expressions to strings of R code"""
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printmethod = "_rcode"
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language = "R"
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_default_settings: dict[str, Any] = dict(CodePrinter._default_settings, **{
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'precision': 15,
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'user_functions': {},
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'contract': True,
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'dereference': set(),
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})
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_operators = {
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'and': '&',
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'or': '|',
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'not': '!',
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}
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_relationals: dict[str, str] = {}
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def __init__(self, settings={}):
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CodePrinter.__init__(self, settings)
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self.known_functions = dict(known_functions)
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userfuncs = settings.get('user_functions', {})
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self.known_functions.update(userfuncs)
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self._dereference = set(settings.get('dereference', []))
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self.reserved_words = set(reserved_words)
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def _rate_index_position(self, p):
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return p*5
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def _get_statement(self, codestring):
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return "%s;" % codestring
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def _get_comment(self, text):
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return "// {}".format(text)
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def _declare_number_const(self, name, value):
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return "{} = {};".format(name, value)
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def _format_code(self, lines):
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return self.indent_code(lines)
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def _traverse_matrix_indices(self, mat):
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rows, cols = mat.shape
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return ((i, j) for i in range(rows) for j in range(cols))
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def _get_loop_opening_ending(self, indices):
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"""Returns a tuple (open_lines, close_lines) containing lists of codelines
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"""
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open_lines = []
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close_lines = []
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loopstart = "for (%(var)s in %(start)s:%(end)s){"
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for i in indices:
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# R arrays start at 1 and end at dimension
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open_lines.append(loopstart % {
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'var': self._print(i.label),
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'start': self._print(i.lower+1),
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'end': self._print(i.upper + 1)})
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close_lines.append("}")
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return open_lines, close_lines
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def _print_Pow(self, expr):
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if "Pow" in self.known_functions:
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return self._print_Function(expr)
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PREC = precedence(expr)
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if equal_valued(expr.exp, -1):
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return '1.0/%s' % (self.parenthesize(expr.base, PREC))
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elif equal_valued(expr.exp, 0.5):
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return 'sqrt(%s)' % self._print(expr.base)
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else:
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return '%s^%s' % (self.parenthesize(expr.base, PREC),
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self.parenthesize(expr.exp, PREC))
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def _print_Rational(self, expr):
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p, q = int(expr.p), int(expr.q)
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return '%d.0/%d.0' % (p, q)
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def _print_Indexed(self, expr):
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inds = [ self._print(i) for i in expr.indices ]
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return "%s[%s]" % (self._print(expr.base.label), ", ".join(inds))
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def _print_Exp1(self, expr):
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return "exp(1)"
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def _print_Pi(self, expr):
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return 'pi'
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def _print_Infinity(self, expr):
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return 'Inf'
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def _print_NegativeInfinity(self, expr):
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return '-Inf'
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def _print_Assignment(self, expr):
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from sympy.codegen.ast import Assignment
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from sympy.matrices.expressions.matexpr import MatrixSymbol
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from sympy.tensor.indexed import IndexedBase
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lhs = expr.lhs
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rhs = expr.rhs
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# We special case assignments that take multiple lines
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#if isinstance(expr.rhs, Piecewise):
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# from sympy.functions.elementary.piecewise import Piecewise
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# # Here we modify Piecewise so each expression is now
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# # an Assignment, and then continue on the print.
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# expressions = []
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# conditions = []
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# for (e, c) in rhs.args:
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# expressions.append(Assignment(lhs, e))
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# conditions.append(c)
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# temp = Piecewise(*zip(expressions, conditions))
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# return self._print(temp)
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#elif isinstance(lhs, MatrixSymbol):
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if isinstance(lhs, MatrixSymbol):
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# Here we form an Assignment for each element in the array,
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# printing each one.
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lines = []
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for (i, j) in self._traverse_matrix_indices(lhs):
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temp = Assignment(lhs[i, j], rhs[i, j])
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code0 = self._print(temp)
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lines.append(code0)
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return "\n".join(lines)
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elif self._settings["contract"] and (lhs.has(IndexedBase) or
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rhs.has(IndexedBase)):
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# Here we check if there is looping to be done, and if so
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# print the required loops.
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return self._doprint_loops(rhs, lhs)
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else:
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lhs_code = self._print(lhs)
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rhs_code = self._print(rhs)
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return self._get_statement("%s = %s" % (lhs_code, rhs_code))
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def _print_Piecewise(self, expr):
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# This method is called only for inline if constructs
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# Top level piecewise is handled in doprint()
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if expr.args[-1].cond == True:
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last_line = "%s" % self._print(expr.args[-1].expr)
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else:
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last_line = "ifelse(%s,%s,NA)" % (self._print(expr.args[-1].cond), self._print(expr.args[-1].expr))
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code=last_line
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for e, c in reversed(expr.args[:-1]):
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code= "ifelse(%s,%s," % (self._print(c), self._print(e))+code+")"
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return(code)
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def _print_ITE(self, expr):
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from sympy.functions import Piecewise
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return self._print(expr.rewrite(Piecewise))
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def _print_MatrixElement(self, expr):
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return "{}[{}]".format(self.parenthesize(expr.parent, PRECEDENCE["Atom"],
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strict=True), expr.j + expr.i*expr.parent.shape[1])
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def _print_Symbol(self, expr):
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name = super()._print_Symbol(expr)
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if expr in self._dereference:
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return '(*{})'.format(name)
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else:
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return name
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def _print_Relational(self, expr):
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lhs_code = self._print(expr.lhs)
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rhs_code = self._print(expr.rhs)
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op = expr.rel_op
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return "{} {} {}".format(lhs_code, op, rhs_code)
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def _print_AugmentedAssignment(self, expr):
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lhs_code = self._print(expr.lhs)
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op = expr.op
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rhs_code = self._print(expr.rhs)
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return "{} {} {};".format(lhs_code, op, rhs_code)
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def _print_For(self, expr):
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target = self._print(expr.target)
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if isinstance(expr.iterable, Range):
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start, stop, step = expr.iterable.args
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else:
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raise NotImplementedError("Only iterable currently supported is Range")
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body = self._print(expr.body)
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return 'for({target} in seq(from={start}, to={stop}, by={step}){{\n{body}\n}}'.format(target=target, start=start,
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stop=stop-1, step=step, body=body)
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def indent_code(self, code):
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"""Accepts a string of code or a list of code lines"""
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if isinstance(code, str):
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code_lines = self.indent_code(code.splitlines(True))
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return ''.join(code_lines)
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tab = " "
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inc_token = ('{', '(', '{\n', '(\n')
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dec_token = ('}', ')')
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code = [ line.lstrip(' \t') for line in code ]
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increase = [ int(any(map(line.endswith, inc_token))) for line in code ]
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decrease = [ int(any(map(line.startswith, dec_token)))
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for line in code ]
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pretty = []
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level = 0
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for n, line in enumerate(code):
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if line in ('', '\n'):
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pretty.append(line)
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continue
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level -= decrease[n]
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pretty.append("%s%s" % (tab*level, line))
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level += increase[n]
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return pretty
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def rcode(expr, assign_to=None, **settings):
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"""Converts an expr to a string of r code
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Parameters
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==========
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expr : Expr
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A SymPy expression to be converted.
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assign_to : optional
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When given, the argument is used as the name of the variable to which
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the expression is assigned. Can be a string, ``Symbol``,
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``MatrixSymbol``, or ``Indexed`` type. This is helpful in case of
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line-wrapping, or for expressions that generate multi-line statements.
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precision : integer, optional
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The precision for numbers such as pi [default=15].
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user_functions : dict, optional
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A dictionary where the keys are string representations of either
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``FunctionClass`` or ``UndefinedFunction`` instances and the values
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are their desired R string representations. Alternatively, the
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dictionary value can be a list of tuples i.e. [(argument_test,
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rfunction_string)] or [(argument_test, rfunction_formater)]. See below
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for examples.
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human : bool, optional
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If True, the result is a single string that may contain some constant
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declarations for the number symbols. If False, the same information is
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returned in a tuple of (symbols_to_declare, not_supported_functions,
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code_text). [default=True].
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contract: bool, optional
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If True, ``Indexed`` instances are assumed to obey tensor contraction
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rules and the corresponding nested loops over indices are generated.
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Setting contract=False will not generate loops, instead the user is
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responsible to provide values for the indices in the code.
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[default=True].
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Examples
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========
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>>> from sympy import rcode, symbols, Rational, sin, ceiling, Abs, Function
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>>> x, tau = symbols("x, tau")
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>>> rcode((2*tau)**Rational(7, 2))
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'8*sqrt(2)*tau^(7.0/2.0)'
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>>> rcode(sin(x), assign_to="s")
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's = sin(x);'
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Simple custom printing can be defined for certain types by passing a
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dictionary of {"type" : "function"} to the ``user_functions`` kwarg.
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Alternatively, the dictionary value can be a list of tuples i.e.
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[(argument_test, cfunction_string)].
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>>> custom_functions = {
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... "ceiling": "CEIL",
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... "Abs": [(lambda x: not x.is_integer, "fabs"),
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... (lambda x: x.is_integer, "ABS")],
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... "func": "f"
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... }
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>>> func = Function('func')
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>>> rcode(func(Abs(x) + ceiling(x)), user_functions=custom_functions)
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'f(fabs(x) + CEIL(x))'
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or if the R-function takes a subset of the original arguments:
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>>> rcode(2**x + 3**x, user_functions={'Pow': [
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... (lambda b, e: b == 2, lambda b, e: 'exp2(%s)' % e),
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... (lambda b, e: b != 2, 'pow')]})
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'exp2(x) + pow(3, x)'
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``Piecewise`` expressions are converted into conditionals. If an
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``assign_to`` variable is provided an if statement is created, otherwise
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the ternary operator is used. Note that if the ``Piecewise`` lacks a
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default term, represented by ``(expr, True)`` then an error will be thrown.
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This is to prevent generating an expression that may not evaluate to
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anything.
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>>> from sympy import Piecewise
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>>> expr = Piecewise((x + 1, x > 0), (x, True))
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>>> print(rcode(expr, assign_to=tau))
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tau = ifelse(x > 0,x + 1,x);
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Support for loops is provided through ``Indexed`` types. With
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``contract=True`` these expressions will be turned into loops, whereas
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``contract=False`` will just print the assignment expression that should be
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looped over:
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>>> from sympy import Eq, IndexedBase, Idx
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>>> len_y = 5
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>>> y = IndexedBase('y', shape=(len_y,))
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>>> t = IndexedBase('t', shape=(len_y,))
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>>> Dy = IndexedBase('Dy', shape=(len_y-1,))
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>>> i = Idx('i', len_y-1)
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>>> e=Eq(Dy[i], (y[i+1]-y[i])/(t[i+1]-t[i]))
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>>> rcode(e.rhs, assign_to=e.lhs, contract=False)
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'Dy[i] = (y[i + 1] - y[i])/(t[i + 1] - t[i]);'
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Matrices are also supported, but a ``MatrixSymbol`` of the same dimensions
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must be provided to ``assign_to``. Note that any expression that can be
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generated normally can also exist inside a Matrix:
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>>> from sympy import Matrix, MatrixSymbol
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>>> mat = Matrix([x**2, Piecewise((x + 1, x > 0), (x, True)), sin(x)])
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>>> A = MatrixSymbol('A', 3, 1)
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>>> print(rcode(mat, A))
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A[0] = x^2;
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A[1] = ifelse(x > 0,x + 1,x);
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A[2] = sin(x);
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"""
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return RCodePrinter(settings).doprint(expr, assign_to)
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def print_rcode(expr, **settings):
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"""Prints R representation of the given expression."""
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print(rcode(expr, **settings))
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